Overview

• Background
  • Public-Private Partnerships
  • Public-Public Partnerships
  • Outsourcing Drivers
• Problem Statement
• Research Statement
• Methodology
  • Data Summary
  • Analysis
• Interactive Plot

Background

Partnerships

• Public agencies may not have resources to build and maintain infrastructure
• Private sector is more specialized
• City of Long Beach¹
  • Demolish and build: city hall, library, park and port headquarters
  • Investment capital allocated to private sector
• Can be used to meet a variety of needs
  • Private-Public Partnerships
  • Public-Public Partnerships

Background

Public-Private Partnerships

• An arrangement between public and private entities to work together²
• U.S. Definition:
  • A contractual arrangement between a public agent and a for-profit private actor
  • Resources and risks are shared to deliver a public service or public infrastructure³
• Partnerships bring together strong qualities from each sector
• High complexity for infrastructure procurement

Background

Public-Public Partnerships

• Collaboration between two or more public authorities⁴
• Used in water service reform in developing countries due to failed private sector involvement
  • Sweden and Latvia
  • Sweden and Lithuania
• Not-for-profit key for effective interaction
• “Unlikely that a PPP could have achieved the same developmental objectives…”⁴

Background

Outsourcing Drivers

• Outsourcing Partnership: a business relationship where all parties involved cooperate with mutual trust, shared risk and outcomes that result in competitive advantage⁵

• Partnering Process Model⁵
  • Drivers are the motivators to partner
  • Facilitators are the enviornmental factors

Problem Statement

• No guidance exists to identify partnership oppurtunities around an installation
• Air Force P4 Initiative:

“The Air Force Community Partnership Program is a framework through which installation and public/private sector community leaders can develop innovative ways to leverage their capabilities and resources to obtain shared value and benefit by avoiding or reducing costs.”

• Strategic Basing Model⁶
  • Model proposed 7 different installation types: traditional, mission, hybrid, city-base, joint, total force association, and warm
  • Installation functions catagorized as core, important and peripheral
  • Peripheral services could be provided by the community through partnerships

Reseach Statement

This research effort investigated the off-base community to build a tool to identify installations which should explore partnership opportunities. The scope of this research will be limited to exploring library partnership opportunities at Air Force installations located in the Continental United States (CONUS). This research investigates the facilitators, or environmental factors, to identify where greater opportunities for creating partnerships may exist. The result of this research is a tool which produces a relative measure for each off-base community, where higher values indicate a greater potential for partnerships. This relative measure utilizes inverse distance weighting (IDW) between an installation and each service location in the surrounding community.

Scope

• Library service
• CONUS installations
• Primary factors: distance and size

Methodology

Data Summary

• Sources of data: www.public-libraries.org and www.publiclibraries.com
• Data converted from HTML tables to data-frame in R
• Libraries geocoded using Google-maps Application Programming Interface

Methodology

Data Summary - www.public-libraries.org

Methodology

Data Summary - www.publiclibraries.com

Methodology

Library Size Estimate⁷

• Collection Space = \(13*(N_b+N_v+N_a)+(45*N_i)\)
  • \(N_b =\) Number of books
  • \(N_v =\) Number of serial volumes
  • \(N_a =\) Number of audio visual materials
  • \(N_i =\) Number of internet terminals
• Work Space = \(150*N_w+30*N_s\)
  • \(N_w =\) Number of workstations
  • \(N_s =\) Number of seats
• Gross Area = (Collection Space + Work Space)\(*117%\)
• Library Size = Gross Area \(*127%\)

Methodology

Data Summary

Methodology

Analysis

• Inverse-Distance-Weighted (IDW) Average
  • Tobler’s First Law: “All things are related, but nearby things are more related than distant things”⁸
  • Library index estimates the value of the libraries surrounding the installation
  • Uses known values to estimate value at nearby points⁹

• \(z(x) = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}W_i * Z_i}{\sum_{i=1}^{n}W_i}\)

  • \(W_i = 1/d_i^2\)

  • \(Z_i =\) Size of the library

Interactive Plot

Summary

• Background
  • Public-Private Partnerships
  • Public-Public Partnerships
  • Outsourcing Drivers
• Problem Statement
• Research Statement
• Methodology
  • Data Summary
  • Analysis
• Interactive Plot

References

1. Merewitz, S. (2016). Innovative Public-Private Partnership for the New Long Beach Civic Center. Retrieved February 18, 2016, from http://www.publicceo.com/2016/02/innovative-public-private-partnership-for-the-new-long-beach-civic-center/
2. Hodge, G. a., & Greve, C. (2007). Public Private Partnerships: An International Performance Review. Public Administration Review, 67(3), 545–558. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00736.x
3. Li, B., & Akintoye, A. (2003). An Overview of Public-Private Parnership. In A. Akintoye, M. Beck, & C. Hardcastle (Eds.), Public-Private Partnerships: Managing Risks and Oppurtunities. John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Y_hAmDKmJM0C&pgis=1
4. Lobina, E., & Hall, D. (2006). Public-Public Partnerships as a catalyst for capacity building and institutional development: Lessons from Stockholm Vatten’s experience in the Baltic region. Retrieved from http://www.psiru.org/reports/2006-09-W-PUPs.doc
5. Lambert, D. M., Emmelhainz, M. A., & Gardner, J. (1996). So You Think You Want a Partner? Marketing Management, 5(2), 25–41.
6. Johnson, B., & Clark, L. (2015, September). A Plan for Strategic Basing. The Military Engineer, 52 – 54.
7. Dahlgren, A. C. (2009). Public Library Space Needs: A Planning Outline. Madison, Wisconsin.
8. De Smith, M., Goodchild, M. F., & Longley, P. a. (2015). Geospatial Analysis 5th Edition, 2015. Retrieved from http://www.spatialanalysisonline.com/HTML/index.html
9. Longley, P., & Goodchild, M. (2011). Geographic Information Systems and Science (Third). John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=toobg6OwFPEC&pgis=1